Thyroid cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. It affects the thyroid gland, which is located at the base of the throat. The cancer is first noticed in the form of a lump in the throat. It then spreads to the lymph nodes and other organs, like the lungs, brain, and bones.

The exact cause of thyroid cancer isn’t clear. However, preventive measures for thyroid cancer can be taken. Thankfully, this type of cancer has a high cure rate and more than 90% people live for more than five years after getting diagnosed.

Symptoms of thyroid cancer
Thyroid cancer manifests itself in the form of a lump in the throat. The lump itself is often devoid of symptoms. Blood tests often prove to be inconclusive as well. The common symptoms of thyroid cancer include:

• Pain experienced at the frontal region of the neck, which can reach the ears as well
• A rapidly growing lump in the neck
• Discomfort when breathing and swallowing
• Incessant coughing
• Neck swelling up
• Hoarse voice

Despite following some preventive measures for thyroid cancer, you may experience the symptoms and should consult a doctor immediately.

How is thyroid cancer diagnosed?
The diagnosis of cancer helps determine the size and location of the tumor and also identify the areas where cancer has spread. A biopsy is the most foolproof way of detecting cancer. It involves extracting a portion of the affected tissue and testing it in a laboratory. Sometimes, however, a biopsy is not an option. In such cases, the following diagnostic procedures may be used:

• Blood tests
  The affected person’s blood may be tested to determine the level of thyroid hormones present in the body. Thyroid hormones control a person’s metabolism and an excess of it may lead to the emergence of cancer. A blood test can also reveal the amount of TSH present in the body.
• Physical examination
  Even after taking preventive measures for thyroid cancer, you may notice symptoms such as a lump in the throat. In this case, you should consult a doctor. Physical examination involves the doctor examining your neck and lymph nodes for signs of a tumor. A laryngoscope may be used to examine the larynx.
• Ultrasound technique
  This procedure involves an ultrasound transducer that is placed near the neck to emit high-frequency sound waves. This is used to create an image of the thyroid, which the doctor may use to determine the nature of the tumor.
• Genetic testing
  The doctor might opt for genetic testing to detect mutated genes that increase the risk of developing thyroid cancer.
• Radionuclide scan
  In this procedure, a small amount of radioactive iodine known as a tracer is swallowed. The iodine is absorbed into the thyroid gland. An image of the gland formed, which helps the doctor determine if it is affected by cancer.

One can be optimistic about their chances of survival if diagnosed with thyroid cancer since it has a high cure rate. However, taking preventive measures for thyroid cancer can help reduce the risk of cancer developing.